Low sun and long shadows, Jedburgh, Scottish Borde…
Jedburgh Abbey, Scottish Borders
Cross in the St. Andrews Cathedral Cemetery
North Pier and Harbour Entrance, St. Andrews, Fife…
Wythop Valley, Cumbria, HFF
Small boats at Kyleakin (Caol Acain) Harbour, Isle…
Meall na Suiramach & Quiraing looms over Staffin B…
Coastline and Quiraing north of Staffin Bay, Isle…
More rain approaching over the Trotternish Ridge,…
Rocky shore by An Corran, Staffin Bay, Isle of Sky…
Road to Staffin slipway by An Corran, Staffin, Isl…
Frost and fog in the morning - HFF
Fog at sunrise, Cumbria
Morning reflections on Loch Garry, Lochaber, Scotl…
Snow capped hills and forests, Glen Garry, Lochabe…
Sunbeams over Raasay from the Isle of Skye
Approaching Glencoe from Rannoch Moor, Argyll, Sco…
Stormy Marsco Impression, Isle of Skye
LNER A4 Class Locomotive Mallard No.4468 at NRM Y…
The Black Cuillin viewed from Glen Brittle Forest,…
Whitby Harbour Entrance, North Yorkshire
East Pier Lighthouse, Whitby, North Yorkshire
Winter sunrise, East Ayton, North Yorkshire
Follow the fence to the farm - HFF everyone -10th…
Cumbrian cottage garden, Lake District
Sunlit Gairich at sunrise, viewed from Glen Garry,…
Storm clouds over Spidean Mialach. viewed from Gle…
Highland Cattle by Loch Quoich, Glen Garry, Scotla…
Sunlit uplands, Glen Garry, Lochaber, Scotland
Along the beach to Whitby from Sandsend, North Yor…
Looking north from Sandsend, North Yorkshire
H(Freezing)FF - 24th February 2017
Border Patrol Officer:)) - Carter Bar, England/Sco…
Harbour and Cathedral Ruins, St. Andrews, Fife, Sc…
North Pier and Harbour, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotlan…
St. Andrews Cathedral Ruins and Cemetery, Fife, Sc…
St. Rules Tower (east face), St. Andrews, Fife, Sc…
Arches, towers and walls, St Andrews Cathedral Rui…
Misty marsh sunrise, Trotternish, Isle of Skye
Day's end at Staffin Bay, Trotternish, Isle of Sky…
Uig Bay and ferry terminal, Isle of Skye
Derwent Water & Derwent Island panorama, Keswick,…
Low sun reflected on Wastwater, Nether Wasdale, Cu…
Silvery strand by the Solway, Allonby, Cumbria
St. Andrews Castle, Fife, Scotland
Sunshine and showers, Staffin Bay, Trotternish, Is…
Whitby whale watching boat "SPECKSIONEER" heads fo…
A leafy lane in the Lake District, Cumbria
Calm sunset, Scarborough Harbour, North Yorkshire
By the Borough Beck, Helmsley, North Yorkshire
Daffodil ranks by the Borough Beck, Helmsley, Nort…
Boats alongside Scarborough fish dock, North Yorks…
One man and his boat, Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Boats in a row, Scarborough fish dock, North Yorks…
Beach and West Pier/lighthouse, Whitby, North York…
Hard working fishing vessel, Scarborough, North Yo…
Reflections
Sailing on Silver
1914 gun recovered from the SS Hornsund, Scarborou…
Scarborough Harbor Bridge - HFF Everyone
Fishing off the pier, Scarborough harbour
High tide, Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire
The Diving Belle, Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Jedburgh Abbey, Scottish Borders
It's true! The grass IS greener on the other side…
A wet Robin on a wet fence on a wet Isle of Skye -…
Scarborough South Bay in Spring Sunshine
Summer Reflections on the River Derwent, Forge Val…
Reflections on the River Derwent, Forge Valley, No…
Stormy start to the day, Highside Cottage, Lake Di…
Spring snowfall in Glen Garry, Scotland
Wykeham Forest Pathway in Autumn, North Yorkshire
Kyleakin (Caol Acain) Harbour, Isle of Skye
Little Red Boat, Isle of Skye
Staffin Bay, Trotternish, Isle of Skye (Can you sp…
Rocky beach at Staffin Bay, Trotternish, Isle of S…
Buttermere towards Fleetwith Pike (HFF)
Mallards in Autumn, North Yorkshire
A duck on the Derwent, North Yorkshire
Whitby in Blue
I must go down to the seas again, to the lonely se…
I do love these ready meals, North Yorkshire
Down on the farm in Winter, North Yorkshire
Under the beech tree canopy, North Yorkshire
Hill of gold, Broxa Forest, North Yorkshire
Handley Page Victor K2 XL231 (Lusty Lindy) Elvingt…
Forest road in autumn, North Yorkshire
Forest lane in autumn, North Yorkshire
Larch illuminated by late afternoon sun
Gold Leaf
Rain showers on the Sound of Sleat, Isle of Skye
Large beech displaying autumn splendor, Cumbria
Autumn Beech, North Yorkshire
Sunlit Marsco, Glen Sligachan, Isle of Skye
Towards Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers Point) Tro…
Derelict croft house and rainbow through a rain so…
Country walks, North Yorkshire
Young Silver Birch in Autumn, North Yorkshire
Golden Larch by forest road, North Yorkshire
Autumn Larch amongst the evergreens, North Yorkshi…
Trotternish ridge centred on Sgurr a' Mhadaidh Rua…
Autumn Ash, East Ayton, North Yorkshire
Frosty Sunrise, Vale of Pickering, North Yorkshire
Winter Fields and Hedgerows Panorama, North Yorksh…
Winter sunset Raincliffe Woods, North Yorkshire
Foggy sunrise in the Vale of Pickering, North York…
Sun Illuminated Ash Trees in Winter, North Yorkshi…
Winter shadows across the snow, North Yorkshire
Sheep forage in snow, North Yorkshire
'Vallota' (Scarborough Lily) high and dry
Kilt Rocks, Trotternish, Isle of Skye
Mealt Waterfall and Kilt Rocks, Trotternish, Isle…
Morning mist over the waterway between Lochs Fada…
Trotternish ridge at Sunrise, Culnacnoc, Isle of S…
Clouds roll over the Storr, Trotternish, Isle of S…
Croft with view over Rubha nam Brathairean and the…
Cottage with a view over Port Earlish, Trotternish…
Sheltered Anchorage, Loch Bracadale, Isle of Skye
Small boats at Armadale, Isle of Skye
Island of Ornsay, Sound of Sleat, Isle of Skye
Dark skies over the mainland from Kyleakin, Isle o…
Dark sky and silver sea, Isle of Skye
The Trotternish Ridge and Quiraing, Isle of Skye
Trotternish Ridge from the Staffin to Uig road, Is…
Rainbow over Staffin Bay. Isle of Skye
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St. Andrews Castle, Fife, Scotland
St Andrew's Castle is a picturesque ruin located in the coastal Royal Burgh of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland. The castle sits on a rocky promontory overlooking a small beach called Castle Sands and the adjoining North Sea. There has been a castle standing at the site since the times of Bishop Roger (1189-1202), son of the Earl of Leicester. It housed the burgh’s wealthy and powerful bishops while St Andrews served as the ecclesiastical centre of Scotland during the years before the Protestant Reformation. In their Latin charters, the Archbishops of St Andrews wrote of the castle as their Palace, signing, "apud Palatium nostrum."
Wars of Scottish Independence
During the Wars of Scottish Independence, the castle was destroyed and rebuilt several times as it changed hands between the Scots and the English. Soon after the sack of Berwick in 1296 by Edward I of England, the castle was taken and made ready for the English king in 1303. In 1314, however, after the Scottish victory at Bannockburn, the castle was retaken and repaired by Bishop William Lamberton, Guardian of Scotland, a loyal supporter of King Robert the Bruce. The English had recaptured it again by the 1330s and reinforced its defences in 1336, but to no avail. Sir Andrew Moray, Regent of Scotland in the absence of David II, recaptured it after a siege lasting three weeks. Shortly after this, in 1336-1337, it was destroyed by the Scots to prevent the English from once again using it as a stronghold.
It remained in this ruined state until Bishop Walter Trail rebuilt it at the turn of the century. His castle forms the basis of what can be seen today. He completed work on the castle in about 1400 and died within its walls in 1401.
Home to kings
Several notable figures spent time in the castle over the next several years. James I of Scotland (1406-1437) received part of his education from Bishop Henry Wardlaw, the founder of St Andrews University in 1410. A later resident, Bishop James Kennedy, was a trusted advisor of James II of Scotland (1437-1460). In 1445 the castle was the birthplace of James III of Scotland.
Use as a prison
During these years, the castle also served as a notorious prison. The castle's bottle dungeon is a dank and airless pit cut out of solid rock below the north-west tower. It housed local miscreants who fell under the Bishop's jurisdiction as well as several more prominent individuals such as David Stuart, Duke of Rothesay in 1402, Duke Murdoch in 1425, and Archbishop Patrick Graham, who was judged to be insane and imprisoned in his own castle in 1478.
Reformation and siege
During the Scottish Reformation, the castle became a centre of religious persecution and controversy. Referring to the bottle dungeon the Scottish reformer, John Knox, wrote, "Many of God's Children were imprisoned here." In 1521 James Beaton, then Archbishop of Glasgow, won the seat of St Andrews and took up residence in the castle. Beaton altered the defences to enable the castle to withstand a heavy artillery attack, which was a threat as tensions grew between English Protestants and Scottish Catholics. In 1538 James Beaton was succeeded by his ambitious and wealthy nephew David Beaton. Cardinal David Beaton's strong opposition to the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, with Prince Edward (later King Edward VI), the son and heir of Henry VIII of England, helped to spark renewed fighting in 1544.
Scottish Protestants were increasingly viewed as dangerous turncoats who sided with the English. In 1546 David Beaton imprisoned the Protestant preacher George Wishart (1513-1546) in the castle’s Sea Tower and had him burnt at the stake in front of the castle walls on March 1. Today, brick lettering with his initials marks the spot where he died. In May of that same year, Wishart's friends conspired against the cardinal. On May 26 they gained entry to the castle by disguising themselves as masons when some building work was in progress. After overcoming the garrison, they murdered Cardinal Beaton and hung his body from his window on the front of the castle.
Following this murder, the Protestants took refuge in the castle and formed the first Protestant congregation in Scotland. A long siege was ordered by the Scottish Regent, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran. In October 1546 a mine was begun by the attackers which was successfully counter-mined by the defenders. Both the mine and counter-mine cut through solid rock. They were rediscovered in 1879 and remain open to the public today. Arran heard that an English army was on its way to relieve the Castle and asked Fife Lairds like John Wemyss of that Ilk to come by 4 November 1546, bringing his followers and whatever artillery they had to resist a sea invasion. Although Henry VIII made plans to assist the Protestants within the castle, the invasion never came and his son Edward VI did not send aid.
During an armistice in April 1547, John Knox entered the castle and served as the garrison's preacher for the remainder of the siege. For a time Knox had the freedom to pass to and from the castle to preach in the parish church. This peaceful interlude came to end, however, when a French fleet arrived bringing an Italian engineer Leone Strozzi who directed a devastating artillery bombardment to dislodge the Protestant lairds. The lairds knew an expert was in the field when their own Italian engineer observed cannon being winched into position with ropes rather than exposing the besiegers to their fire. Guns were also placed on St Salvator's and the cathedral towers. One of the largest Scottish cannon was called "thrawynmouthe." The castle was quickly rendered indefensible; within six hours according to Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie. The defeated Protestants were taken away: some were imprisoned in France while others, including Knox, were condemned to the galleys.
Decline and current condition
Following this Protestant defeat, the castle was substantially rebuilt by Archbishop John Hamilton, the illegitimate brother of Regent Arran, and successor to Dr. David Cardinal Beaton. But following his death in 1571 it was mainly occupied by a succession of constables. Parliament separated the castle from the archbishopric in 1606, and it was granted to the Earl of Dunbar, constable since 1603. In 1612 it was returned to Archbishop George Gledstanes, but further attempts to re-establish the former estates of the Archbishop failed. With the eventual success of the Reformation in Scotland, the office of the bishop was increasingly eroded until it was finally abolished by William of Orange in 1689. Deprived of any function, the castle fell rapidly into ruin. By 1656, it had fallen into such disrepair that the burgh council ordered the use of its materials in repairing the pier. The principal remains are a portion of the south wall enclosing a square tower, the "bottle dungeon," the kitchen tower, and the underground mine and counter-mine.
Wars of Scottish Independence
During the Wars of Scottish Independence, the castle was destroyed and rebuilt several times as it changed hands between the Scots and the English. Soon after the sack of Berwick in 1296 by Edward I of England, the castle was taken and made ready for the English king in 1303. In 1314, however, after the Scottish victory at Bannockburn, the castle was retaken and repaired by Bishop William Lamberton, Guardian of Scotland, a loyal supporter of King Robert the Bruce. The English had recaptured it again by the 1330s and reinforced its defences in 1336, but to no avail. Sir Andrew Moray, Regent of Scotland in the absence of David II, recaptured it after a siege lasting three weeks. Shortly after this, in 1336-1337, it was destroyed by the Scots to prevent the English from once again using it as a stronghold.
It remained in this ruined state until Bishop Walter Trail rebuilt it at the turn of the century. His castle forms the basis of what can be seen today. He completed work on the castle in about 1400 and died within its walls in 1401.
Home to kings
Several notable figures spent time in the castle over the next several years. James I of Scotland (1406-1437) received part of his education from Bishop Henry Wardlaw, the founder of St Andrews University in 1410. A later resident, Bishop James Kennedy, was a trusted advisor of James II of Scotland (1437-1460). In 1445 the castle was the birthplace of James III of Scotland.
Use as a prison
During these years, the castle also served as a notorious prison. The castle's bottle dungeon is a dank and airless pit cut out of solid rock below the north-west tower. It housed local miscreants who fell under the Bishop's jurisdiction as well as several more prominent individuals such as David Stuart, Duke of Rothesay in 1402, Duke Murdoch in 1425, and Archbishop Patrick Graham, who was judged to be insane and imprisoned in his own castle in 1478.
Reformation and siege
During the Scottish Reformation, the castle became a centre of religious persecution and controversy. Referring to the bottle dungeon the Scottish reformer, John Knox, wrote, "Many of God's Children were imprisoned here." In 1521 James Beaton, then Archbishop of Glasgow, won the seat of St Andrews and took up residence in the castle. Beaton altered the defences to enable the castle to withstand a heavy artillery attack, which was a threat as tensions grew between English Protestants and Scottish Catholics. In 1538 James Beaton was succeeded by his ambitious and wealthy nephew David Beaton. Cardinal David Beaton's strong opposition to the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, with Prince Edward (later King Edward VI), the son and heir of Henry VIII of England, helped to spark renewed fighting in 1544.
Scottish Protestants were increasingly viewed as dangerous turncoats who sided with the English. In 1546 David Beaton imprisoned the Protestant preacher George Wishart (1513-1546) in the castle’s Sea Tower and had him burnt at the stake in front of the castle walls on March 1. Today, brick lettering with his initials marks the spot where he died. In May of that same year, Wishart's friends conspired against the cardinal. On May 26 they gained entry to the castle by disguising themselves as masons when some building work was in progress. After overcoming the garrison, they murdered Cardinal Beaton and hung his body from his window on the front of the castle.
Following this murder, the Protestants took refuge in the castle and formed the first Protestant congregation in Scotland. A long siege was ordered by the Scottish Regent, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran. In October 1546 a mine was begun by the attackers which was successfully counter-mined by the defenders. Both the mine and counter-mine cut through solid rock. They were rediscovered in 1879 and remain open to the public today. Arran heard that an English army was on its way to relieve the Castle and asked Fife Lairds like John Wemyss of that Ilk to come by 4 November 1546, bringing his followers and whatever artillery they had to resist a sea invasion. Although Henry VIII made plans to assist the Protestants within the castle, the invasion never came and his son Edward VI did not send aid.
During an armistice in April 1547, John Knox entered the castle and served as the garrison's preacher for the remainder of the siege. For a time Knox had the freedom to pass to and from the castle to preach in the parish church. This peaceful interlude came to end, however, when a French fleet arrived bringing an Italian engineer Leone Strozzi who directed a devastating artillery bombardment to dislodge the Protestant lairds. The lairds knew an expert was in the field when their own Italian engineer observed cannon being winched into position with ropes rather than exposing the besiegers to their fire. Guns were also placed on St Salvator's and the cathedral towers. One of the largest Scottish cannon was called "thrawynmouthe." The castle was quickly rendered indefensible; within six hours according to Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie. The defeated Protestants were taken away: some were imprisoned in France while others, including Knox, were condemned to the galleys.
Decline and current condition
Following this Protestant defeat, the castle was substantially rebuilt by Archbishop John Hamilton, the illegitimate brother of Regent Arran, and successor to Dr. David Cardinal Beaton. But following his death in 1571 it was mainly occupied by a succession of constables. Parliament separated the castle from the archbishopric in 1606, and it was granted to the Earl of Dunbar, constable since 1603. In 1612 it was returned to Archbishop George Gledstanes, but further attempts to re-establish the former estates of the Archbishop failed. With the eventual success of the Reformation in Scotland, the office of the bishop was increasingly eroded until it was finally abolished by William of Orange in 1689. Deprived of any function, the castle fell rapidly into ruin. By 1656, it had fallen into such disrepair that the burgh council ordered the use of its materials in repairing the pier. The principal remains are a portion of the south wall enclosing a square tower, the "bottle dungeon," the kitchen tower, and the underground mine and counter-mine.
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Doug Shepherd club has replied to Amelia clubAll the best, Doug
Doug Shepherd club has replied to Tanja - Loughcrew clubAll the best, Doug
One day I will visit this part of Scotland!
Best wishes, Andy
Doug Shepherd club has replied to Andy Rodker clubAll the best, Doug
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