Bergamo

Bergamo was the settlement of a Celtic tribe but got conquered by the Romans in 196 BC. Looted by Attila´s troops in the 5th century, it became the capital of a Lombardian duchy a century later. After the conquest of the Lombard Kingdom by Charlemagne, the Franks ruled here.

End of the 11th century Bergamo had become an independent commune, with a lot of feuding between the local the Guelph and Ghibelline factions.

In 1428 Bergamo was ceded in 1428 by the Duchy of Milan to the Republic of Venice and was transformed into a fortified city, protecting the trade routes leading into the Rhine Valley.

The French Revolutionary Army ended more than three centuries of Venetian rule in 1797. Bergamo was part of the "Cisalpine Republic".
At Congress of Vienna, Bergamo was assigned to the (Austrian) Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia. Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered Bergamo in 1859. The city was incorporated into the newly founded Kingdom of Italy.

Bergamo has two centres: Città alta ("upper city"), a hilltop medieval town, and the Città bassa ("lower city").

Standig on top of the Torre Civica in the center of the Città alta. The tower was erected in the 11th/12th century as a tower house for the (Ghibelline) Suardi family. All notable families had such towers built - and Bergamo was named "Città dalle cento torri" - "City of hundred towers".

The white Palazzo Nuovo on the Piazza Vecchia now hosts the Public Library. To the right is the Torre del Gombito, erected in the 13th century and then owned by the (Guelph) Rivola family.