Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Jew

Lucena was known to the Moors as Al-Yussena. From the 9th to the 12th century, Lucena was an important Jewish center and was characterized by a predominantly Jewish population. In the 11th century, there was a large Talmudic academy here. With the beginning of the Almoravid and Almohad rule, the number of Jews fell drastically. The Jews fled to places in the Christian north, were forcibly converted to Islam or deported as prisoners to North Africa. Lucena was conquered by the Almohads in 1148, after which it ceased to exist as a Jewish center. Today, Lucena is a city with around 50,000 inhabitants and is known for its “Semana Santa”. This scooter is a gem of the road

Lucena was known to the Moors as Al-Yussena. From the 9th to the 12th century, Lucena was an important Jewish center and was characterized by a predominantly Jewish population. In the 11th century, there was a large Talmudic academy here. With the beginning of the Almoravid and Almohad rule, the number of Jews fell drastically. The Jews fled to places in the Christian north, were forcibly converted to Islam or deported as prisoners to North Africa. Lucena was conquered by the Almohads in 1148, after which it ceased to exist as a Jewish center. Today, Lucena is a city with around 50,000 inhabitants and is known for its “Semana Santa”. The star seems to have gone under

Lucena was known to the Moors as Al-Yussena. From the 9th to the 12th century, Lucena was an important Jewish center and was characterized by a predominantly Jewish population. In the 11th century, there was a large Talmudic academy here. With the beginning of the Almoravid and Almohad rule, the number of Jews fell drastically. The Jews fled to places in the Christian north, were forcibly converted to Islam or deported as prisoners to North Africa. Lucena was conquered by the Almohads in 1148, after which it ceased to exist as a Jewish center. Today, Lucena is a city with around 50,000 inhabitants and is known for its “Semana Santa”. The church of San Mateo was built on the ancient ruins of the main synagogue of Lucena. After the arrival of the Almohad Empire in 1138, the synagogue was converted into a mosque and, finally, in 1240 it was consecrated as a church after the conquest by Ferdinand III of Castile. In 1498, when Diego Fernández de Córdoba, governor of the Donceles and I Marquis of Comares, decided to demolish the original structure by virtue of its new status and build a new temple under the design of the architect Hernán Ruiz I. The tower was completed in 1501 and the church was probably completed in 1544. The octagonal tabernacle chapel is a landmark of Andalusian Baroque, designed by Leonardo Antonio de Castro and built between 1740 and 1772

Lucena was known to the Moors as Al-Yussena. From the 9th to the 12th century, Lucena was an important Jewish center and was characterized by a predominantly Jewish population. In the 11th century, there was a large Talmudic academy here. With the beginning of the Almoravid and Almohad rule, the number of Jews fell drastically. The Jews fled to places in the Christian north, were forcibly converted to Islam or deported as prisoners to North Africa. Lucena was conquered by the Almohads in 1148, after which it ceased to exist as a Jewish center. Today, Lucena is a city with around 50,000 inhabitants and is known for its “Semana Santa”. The church of San Mateo was built on the ancient ruins of the main synagogue of Lucena. After the arrival of the Almohad Empire in 1138, the synagogue was converted into a mosque and, finally, in 1240 it was consecrated as a church after the conquest by Ferdinand III of Castile. In 1498, when Diego Fernández de Córdoba, governor of the Donceles and I Marquis of Comares, decided to demolish the original structure by virtue of its new status and build a new temple under the design of the architect Hernán Ruiz I. The tower was completed in 1501 and the church was probably completed in 1544. The octagonal tabernacle chapel is a landmark of Andalusian Baroque, designed by Leonardo Antonio de Castro and built between 1740 and 1772 Inside the chapel - the dome

Lucena was known to the Moors as Al-Yussena. From the 9th to the 12th century, Lucena was an important Jewish center and was characterized by a predominantly Jewish population. In the 11th century, there was a large Talmudic academy here. With the beginning of the Almoravid and Almohad rule, the number of Jews fell drastically. The Jews fled to places in the Christian north, were forcibly converted to Islam or deported as prisoners to North Africa. Lucena was conquered by the Almohads in 1148, after which it ceased to exist as a Jewish center. Today, Lucena is a city with around 50,000 inhabitants and is known for its “Semana Santa”. The church of San Mateo was built on the ancient ruins of the main synagogue of Lucena. After the arrival of the Almohad Empire in 1138, the synagogue was converted into a mosque and, finally, in 1240 it was consecrated as a church after the conquest by Ferdinand III of Castile. In 1498, when Diego Fernández de Córdoba, governor of the Donceles and I Marquis of Comares, decided to demolish the original structure by virtue of its new status and build a new temple under the design of the architect Hernán Ruiz I. The tower was completed in 1501 and the church was probably completed in 1544. The octagonal tabernacle chapel is a landmark of Andalusian Baroque, designed by Leonardo Antonio de Castro and built between 1740 and 1772 Inside the chapel

Lucena was known to the Moors as Al-Yussena. From the 9th to the 12th century, Lucena was an important Jewish center and was characterized by a predominantly Jewish population. In the 11th century, there was a large Talmudic academy here. With the beginning of the Almoravid and Almohad rule, the number of Jews fell drastically. The Jews fled to places in the Christian north, were forcibly converted to Islam or deported as prisoners to North Africa. Lucena was conquered by the Almohads in 1148, after which it ceased to exist as a Jewish center. Today, Lucena is a city with around 50,000 inhabitants and is known for its “Semana Santa”. The church of San Mateo was built on the ancient ruins of the main synagogue of Lucena. After the arrival of the Almohad Empire in 1138, the synagogue was converted into a mosque and, finally, in 1240 it was consecrated as a church after the conquest by Ferdinand III of Castile. In 1498, when Diego Fernández de Córdoba, governor of the Donceles and I Marquis of Comares, decided to demolish the original structure by virtue of its new status and build a new temple under the design of the architect Hernán Ruiz I. The tower was completed in 1501 and the church was probably completed in 1544. The octagonal tabernacle chapel is a landmark of Andalusian Baroque, designed by Leonardo Antonio de Castro and built between 1740 and 1772

Lucena was known to the Moors as Al-Yussena. From the 9th to the 12th century, Lucena was an important Jewish center and was characterized by a predominantly Jewish population. In the 11th century, there was a large Talmudic academy here. With the beginning of the Almoravid and Almohad rule, the number of Jews fell drastically. The Jews fled to places in the Christian north, were forcibly converted to Islam or deported as prisoners to North Africa. Lucena was conquered by the Almohads in 1148, after which it ceased to exist as a Jewish center. Today, Lucena is a city with around 50,000 inhabitants and is known for its “Semana Santa”. The church of San Mateo was built on the ancient ruins of the main synagogue of Lucena. After the arrival of the Almohad Empire in 1138, the synagogue was converted into a mosque and, finally, in 1240 it was consecrated as a church after the conquest by Ferdinand III of Castile. In 1498, when Diego Fernández de Córdoba, governor of the Donceles and I Marquis of Comares, decided to demolish the original structure by virtue of its new status and build a new temple under the design of the architect Hernán Ruiz I. The tower was completed in 1501 and the church was probably completed in 1544. The octagonal tabernacle chapel is a landmark of Andalusian Baroque, designed by Leonardo Antonio de Castro and built between 1740 and 1772

Lucena was known to the Moors as Al-Yussena. From the 9th to the 12th century, Lucena was an important Jewish center and was characterized by a predominantly Jewish population. In the 11th century, there was a large Talmudic academy here. With the beginning of the Almoravid and Almohad rule, the number of Jews fell drastically. The Jews fled to places in the Christian north, were forcibly converted to Islam or deported as prisoners to North Africa. Lucena was conquered by the Almohads in 1148, after which it ceased to exist as a Jewish center. Today, Lucena is a city with around 50,000 inhabitants and is known for its “Semana Santa”.

A legend attributes Kraków's founding to the mythical ruler Krakus, who built it above a cave occupied by a dragon, Smok Wawelski. The first written record dates to 965, when Kraków was described as a notable commercial center captured by a Bohemian duke Boleslaus I in 955. The first ruler of Poland, Mieszko I, took Kraków from the Bohemians. In 1038, Kraków became the seat of the Polish government. By the end of the 10th century, the city was a center of trade. Brick buildings were constructed, including the Royal Wawel Castle. The city was sacked and burned during the Mongol invasion of 1241. It was rebuilt and incorporated in 1257 by Bolesław V the Chaste who introduced city rights. In 1259, the city was again ravaged by the Mongols. The third attack in 1287 was repelled thanks in part to the newly built fortifications. The city rose to prominence in 1364, when Casimir III founded the University of Kraków, the second oldest university in central Europe. But after Casimir´s death in 1370 the campus did not get completed. As the capital of the Kingdom of Poland and a member of the Hanseatic League, the city attracted craftsmen from abroad, guilds as science and the arts began to flourish. The 15th and 16th centuries are known as Poland's "Złoty Wiek" (Golden Age). After childless King Sigismund II had died in 1572, the Polish throne passed to Henry III of France and then to other foreign-based rulers in rapid succession, causing a decline in the city's importance that was worsened by pillaging during the Swedish invasion and by an outbreak of bubonic plague that left 20,000 of the city's residents dead. In 1596, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa moved the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from Kraków to Warsaw. - The "Old Synagogue" (Yiddish "Alta Shul") was originally built in the 15th century in the Gothic style. It is the oldest synagogue building still standing in Poland. The original building was rebuilt in 1570 by Italian architect Mateo Gucci. The rebuilding included the attic wall with loopholes, windows placed far above ground level, and thick, masonry walls with heavy buttressing to withstand a siege. The Old Synagogue is a kind of fortress synagogue. The synagogue was completely devastated and ransacked by the Germans during WW II. During the occupation, the synagogue was used as a warehouse. The Old Synagogue was renovated from 1956 to 1959 and currently operates as a museum. It is a Division of the Historical Museum of Kraków, with a particular focus on Kraków's Jews.

A legend attributes Kraków's founding to the mythical ruler Krakus, who built it above a cave occupied by a dragon, Smok Wawelski. The first written record dates to 965, when Kraków was described as a notable commercial center captured by a Bohemian duke Boleslaus I in 955. The first ruler of Poland, Mieszko I, took Kraków from the Bohemians. In 1038, Kraków became the seat of the Polish government. By the end of the 10th century, the city was a center of trade. Brick buildings were constructed, including the Royal Wawel Castle. The city was sacked and burned during the Mongol invasion of 1241. It was rebuilt and incorporated in 1257 by Bolesław V the Chaste who introduced city rights. In 1259, the city was again ravaged by the Mongols. The third attack in 1287 was repelled thanks in part to the newly built fortifications. The city rose to prominence in 1364, when Casimir III founded the University of Kraków, the second oldest university in central Europe. But after Casimir´s death in 1370 the campus did not get completed. As the capital of the Kingdom of Poland and a member of the Hanseatic League, the city attracted craftsmen from abroad, guilds as science and the arts began to flourish. The 15th and 16th centuries are known as Poland's "Złoty Wiek" (Golden Age). After childless King Sigismund II had died in 1572, the Polish throne passed to Henry III of France and then to other foreign-based rulers in rapid succession, causing a decline in the city's importance that was worsened by pillaging during the Swedish invasion and by an outbreak of bubonic plague that left 20,000 of the city's residents dead. In 1596, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa moved the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from Kraków to Warsaw. - After pogroms in Krakow, John I Albert (alias Jan Olbracht) moved the local Jews to Kazimierz (today part of Krakow) in 1494. A separate Jewish settlement was established, surrounded by a wall until the 18th century, forming a smaller suburb of Kazimierz next to the larger Christian part of the city, whose inhabitants had little contact. Kazimierz became the cultural and religious center of the Jews in Poland. In 1497, the first synagogue was built. Scholars such as Jakob Pollak and Moses Isserles came to Kazimierz, and rabbis for all of Poland were trained in the Talmud school there. In 1553, the Remuh Synagogue was built. The Old Jewish Cemetery known as the Remah Cemetery was established in the years 1535–1551. It is situated beside the 16th-century Remah Synagogue. The cemetery bears the name of Rabbi Moses Isserles, whose name is abbreviated as Remah. During the German occupation of Poland, the Nazis destroyed the site by hauling away tombstones to be used as paving stones in the camps or selling them for profit. The cemetery has undergone a series of post-war restorations. All original tombstones unearthed as paving stones have been returned and re-erected, although they represent a small fraction of the monuments that once stood in the cemetery.

A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it. Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline. In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. - The castle is of medieval origin, established by High Duke Casimir II the Just. In the first half of the 13th century, the stone keep was built, which by now is the oldest standing building in Lublin. During the Jagiellonian dynasty, members of the royal family often stayed here. The castle was expanded and rebuilt to its present size in the 16th century. The most historically significant event of the castle took place in 1569 when the Treaty of Lublin was signed at the castle. This was the founding act of Poland-Lithuania. As a result of the wars in the 17th century, the castle deteriorated. Only the tower and the chapel remained intact. After Lublin came under Russian rule as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a complete restoration of the castle was carried out in the 1820s by Congress Poland. The castle was built in neo-Gothic style, except for the tower and the chapel. then the castle served as a prison for the next 128 years: as a Tsarist prison from 1831 to 1915, in independent Poland from 1918 to 1939, and most infamously during the Nazi occupation of the city from 1939 to 1944. After 1944 the castle continued to serve as a prison until 1954.

A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it. Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline. In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. - The castle is of medieval origin, established by High Duke Casimir II the Just. In the first half of the 13th century, the stone keep was built, which by now is the oldest standing building in Lublin. During the Jagiellonian dynasty, members of the royal family often stayed here. The castle was expanded and rebuilt to its present size in the 16th century. The most historically significant event of the castle took place in 1569, when the Treaty of Lublin was signed at the castle. This was the founding act of Poland-Lithuania. As a result of the wars in the 17th century, the castle deteriorated. Only the tower and the chapel, remained intact. After Lublin came under Russian rule as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a complete restoration of the castle was carried out in the 1820s by Congress Poland. The castle was built in neo-Gothic style, with the exception of the tower and the chapel. Then the castle served as a prison for the next 128 years: as a Tsarist prison from 1831 to 1915, in independent Poland from 1918 to 1939, and most infamously during the Nazi occupation of the city from 1939 to 1944. After 1944 the castle continued to serve as a prison until 1954.

A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it. Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline. In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. - The church and the Dominican monastery were founded in 1342 by King Casimir the Great after he had defeated the Tatars in the battle of Lublin a year before. The basilica is dedicated to Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Bishop of Krakow, who was martyred by the Polish king Bolesław II the Generous in 1079. The church was enjoying international renown thanks to the miraculous relics of the Holy Cross. According to one of the legends, the procession with the reliquary saved the city from a tragic fire in 1719. Unfortunately, in 1991, the relics stored in the church for centuries were stolen.

A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it. Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline. In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. - In the center of the square stands a large building, originally built in 1389 and rebuilt in 1781 in neoclassical style in 1781. It served and later as a court. A city festival was held, so the old town was crowded with numerous visitors.

A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it. Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline. In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. - The Cathedral of St John the Baptist and St Johne the Evangelist was built between 1592 and 1617 as a church of the Jesuits. The design was made by Giovanni Maria Bernardoni. The model was Il Gesù in Rome. Giovanni Maria Bernardoni was a Jesuit and an Italian architect who was the first to design the Baroque style in Poland. So this church is considered one of the first Baroque church buildings in Poland.

A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it. Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline. In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. - The Cathedral of St John the Baptist and St Johne the Evangelist was built between 1592 and 1617 as a church of the Jesuits. The design was made by Giovanni Maria Bernardoni. The model was Il Gesù in Rome. Giovanni Maria Bernardoni was a Jesuit and an Italian architect who was the first to design the Baroque style in Poland. So this church is considered one of the first Baroque church buildings in Poland. I Since 1805, when the Diocese of Lublin was founded in 1805, the church is a cathedral. In 1820 the neoclassical portico by Antonio Corazzi was added to the facade. Located on the left is the Trinity Tower (prev. upload).

A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it. Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline. In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. - The Trinity Tower is also called the Trinity Gate because it was originally the monastery gate of a Jesuit college. In 1627 it was raised and used as a bell tower. After the abolition of the Jesuit order, it passed into the hands of the Trinitarians, but they did not maintain the building well, so in 1818 it became the property of the city. The Italian-born architect Tower Antonio Corazzi designed the tower in the neo-Gothic style. It was severely damaged during WWII and rebuilt in 1945-1952.

A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it. Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline. In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. - The "Coquille Saint-Jacques" leading the way to Santiago de Compostella is everywhere.