Dove of Peace

Between 1309 and 1377 seven popes resided in Avignon. Two Avignon-based antipopes resided there 1378-1403. The reason was a conflict between the papacy and the French crown. The papacy in the Middle Ages had a spiritual and a political aspect. The plan of the French crown was to have a French pope in France who could represent French interests. In the history of the Catholic Church this period is called the 'Babylonian captivity'.

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N'aurait il pas pris un coup dans l'aile ? Envers et contre tous, espérons qu'il volera dans les coeurs d'un plus grand nombre

Thank you for the great information, Ulrich! Now that I read your account I can barely squeeze some recollection out of my brain. The most thorough European history I leaned was in college art history courses. Babylonian captivity - that is entirely unfamiliar to me! I need to learn more about it.