Opole - Kościół Świętej Trójcy

The history of Opole dates back to the 8th and 9th centuries. The territory is politically disputed. Around 990 Silesia, together with the territory of Opole, was annexed by Mieszko I to the Polish state. In 1039 Břetislav I reconquered the territory for eleven years, after which Opole reverted to Bohemia. In 1050, Casimir I reconquered Silesia. It became a Polish duchy in 1172 and received city rights from Duke Casimir I of Opole in 1217.

Opole was a center of trade. Several trade routes crossed here, which helped to make profits from transit trade.

After the death of King Ludvík II Silesia was inherited by Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, placing Opole under the sovereignty of the Habsburg monarchy of Austria. The Habsburgs took control of the region in 1532 but pawned the duchy to different rulers including several monarchs of Poland. In 1615, a fire destroyed all the houses within the city walls.

After the Swedish invasion of Poland, in 1655 John II Casimir Vasa stayed with his court here. In November of that year, the "Uniwersał opolski" was issued here by the King, calling for Poles to rise against the Swedes.

After 1668 the region passed again to the control of the Habsburgs. Frederick II of Prussia conquered most of Silesia from Austria in 1740 during the Silesian Wars. Under Prussian rule, the ethnic structure of the city began to change and a kind of "Germanization" set in. Nevertheless, Opole remained an important cultural, social and political center for the Poles in Upper Silesia. In the course of German unification in 1871 Opole became part of the German Empire.

After WWI, a referendum was held with the result that Silesia remained part of the German Reich. After the end of WWII in 1945, Oppeln was transferred from Germany to Poland and the name changed from Oppeln to Opole.

The Franciscans came to Opole at the beginning of the 13th century. The existence of the monastery is documented for 1248. The wooden church of the monastery burned down in 1307. A short time later the church was rebuilt in Gothic style. The tower was added in the 15th century. The interior is largely Baroque and the gables are Renaissance style.
The church also served as a castle church, as the Piast castle was located in the immediate vicinity.

The Chapel of St. Anne (aka "Piast Chapel") is located in the southern nave of the church. The chapel was built by the Opole Piast Bolko I in 1309. Here are the tombs of Bolko I, Bolko II, and Bolko III, as well as his wife Anna. On the folding altar, you can see St. Anne, Vladislaus II, the founder of the monastery, St. Barbara, and St. Hedwig, the wife of Henry the Bearded.