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this photo by Dinesh
The Plague-Stricken
Even as the dead were wrapped in shrouds and collected in carts for mass burial, the disease stuck to others. The man collapsing has the symptomatic buba on his beck. As Saint Sabestian pleads for mercy (above) a winged devil, bearer of the plague, attacks an angel. (Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore)
Even as the dead were wrapped in shrouds and collected in carts for mass burial, the disease stuck to others. The man collapsing has the symptomatic buba on his beck. As Saint Sabestian pleads for mercy (above) a winged devil, bearer of the plague, attacks an angel. (Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore)
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THE CRISIS OF THE
LATER MIDDLE AGES
. . . . Between 1300 and 1450, Europeans experienced a frightful series of shocks: economic dislocation, plague, war, social upheaval, and increased crime and violence. Death and preoccupation with death make the fourteenth century one of the gloomiest periods in Western civilization
. . . .Harvests failed again in 1322 and 1329. In 1332 desperate peasants survived the winter on raw herbs. In the half century from 1302 to 1348, poor harvests occurred twenty times. The undernourished population was ripe for the Grim Reaper, who appeared in 1348 in the form of the Black Death ~ Page 356
Around 1331 the bubonic plague broke out in China. In the course of the next fifteen years, merchants, traders, and soldiers carried the disease across the Asian caravan routes until in 1346 it reached the Crimea in southern Russia. From there the plague had easy access to the Mediterranean lands and western Europe.
In October 1347, Genoese ships brought the plague to Messina, from which it spread to Sicily. Venue and Genoa were hit in January 1348, and from the port of Pisa the disease spread south to Rome and east to Florence and all Tuscany. By late spring, southern Germany was attacked. Frightened French authorities chased a galley bearing the disease from the port of Marseilles, but not before plague had infested the city, from which it spread to Languedoc and Spain. In June 1348, two ships entered the Bristol Channel and introduced it into England. All Europe felt the scourge of this horrible disease. (See Map 12.1)
. . . . Some time in the fifteenth century, the Latin phrase ‘atra mors,’ meaning “dreadful death” was translated “black death,” and the phrase stuck. ~ Page 358
The mortality rate cannot be specified, because population figures for the period before the arrival of the plague do not exist for most countries and cities. The largest amount of material survives in England, but it is difficult to use and, after enormous scholarly controversy, only educated guesses can be made. Of a total population of perhaps 4.2 million, probably 1.4 million died of the Black death in is several visits. . . . Page 360
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